Integrated Pistons

    detached piston
    size C=（D-d）/4
dynamic Seal? surface roughness required：
    0.8μm＜Rt1≤2.5μm（Rt2.5μm＝Ra＝0.28～0.6μm，RMS＝12.5～28.3μin）
    80%≤tp1≤95%（Rt0.8μm＝Ra＝0.28～0.18μm，RMS＝3.3～8.6μin）
static Seal? surface roughness required：
    Rt2≤6.3μm（Ra＝0.81...1.59μm，RMS＝35.6...76.3μin）
    tp2≥60%
roughness requirement of non-seal surface and inverse angle：
    Rt3≤15μm（Ra＝2.2...4.0μm，RMS＝97...194μin）
    Rt4≤10μm（Ra＝1.4...2.6μm，RMS＝62...125μin）

Closed Groove

Open Groove
    size? C=（D-d）/4
dynamic Seal? surface roughness required：
    0.8μm＜Rt1≤2.5μm（Rt2.5μm＝Ra＝0.28～0.6μm，RMS＝12.5～28.3μin）
    80%≤tp1≤95%（Rt0.8μm＝Ra＝0.28～0.18μm，RMS＝3.3～8.6μin）
static Seal? surface roughness required：
    Rt2≤6.3μm（Ra＝0.81...1.59μm，RMS＝35.6...76.3μin）
    tp2≥60%
roughness requirement of non-seal surface and inverse angle：
    Rt3≤15μm（Ra＝2.2...4.0μm，RMS＝97...194μin）
    Rt4≤10μm（Ra＝1.4...2.6μm，RMS＝62...125μin）

groove size of seal parts has been published in? the ISO standards and DIN standards and should be considered in design. in a word, the surface roughness, inverse angle and size re ferred has been validated and most was included in the standards.
it is recommended that user follow tolerance requirements and? surface roughness requirement in the text. Only in this way , the installation of seals parts can be simple and the seals parts will not be damaged.
surface：for dynamic Seal? surface，as the last step in machining, abrade polish is not enough, these surface sould be finished.
round angle：for the necessary requirement of round angle, see individual seal parts data or application standards for reference.
Remark：size precision and surface roughness of seal parts' groove will directly affect the sealing effect.